The Prevalence of Depression among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Malaysia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Fares M.S Muthanna, 2Egbal Abdulrahman, Suriyon Uitrakul, Mahmathi Karuppannan

Abstract

Aims : This review aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to compare prevalence estimates obtained using various diagnostic tools and in different regions of Malaysia.


 Methods: We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to design the data extraction using the Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and EBSCO databases. All statistical analysis was conducted with R version 4.1.4. The Egger regression test was used to assess the risk of publication bias, and the pooled prevalence was determined using a forest plot.


Results: There were 18 studies included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 7669 participants, and the overall pooled prevalence was 17% (95%CI; 13-23). Depression was most common in Perak and Kedah states, with 36.8% (95%CI; 29.5–44.2) and 28.3% (95%CI; 6.95–66.66), respectively, and DASS-21 was used as a diagnostic tool for depression by eight studies, yielding an overall pooled prevalence of 12.51% (95%CI; 7.15–20.98).


Conclusion:  Malaysian diabetic patients have a high prevalence of depression, indicating that T2DM patients are at a risk of depression disorder. As a result, additional research and health education are required.


 

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