How Strong Are Fdi, Population Growth, And Renewable Energy Consumption In Causing Co2 Emission: Ardl And Nardl Based Evidence For Pakistan

Abstract

The present study explores the impact of fossil fuel energy consumption, population growth, and renewable energy consumption on the climate change conditions in Pakistan. The study has utilized the symmetric and asymmetric ARDL techniques for estimation of coefficients. The length of data is from 1975-2020. The findings have shown diverse conclusion on account of the regressors in short and long run. As a policy recommendation, it is suggested that the renewable energy sources be used in order to have a better control over CO₂ emission.