Comorbid Association Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) And Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) In Children Under 18 Years Of Age In A Mental Health Institution In The City Of Bogotá, 2005-2017

Abstract

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder that manifests in childhood, becoming more evident with increasing academic demands (1,2). It is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors, inappropriate for the child's developmental level (1-3). The cross-sectional studies consulted suggest a prevalence of ADHD between 12% and 22.6%. (9-12) A male to female ratio of 2 to 5.8 males for every female diagnosed with ADHD was observed. Longitudinal studies found a prevalence between 3% and 10% and a male-to-female ratio of 5.2 males to 1 female. Objective: To identify the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children and adolescents under 18 years of age seen at Our Lady of Peace Clinic (CNSP) between 2005 and 2017. Materials and methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on a population of patients under 18 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD. The data came from the individual health service delivery records (RIPS) of the CNSP. Statistical analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics, acyclic directional plots to determine possible relationships between ADHD and ODD, and negative binomial regression to establish the association between ADHD and ODD. Results: The results confirmed a significant association between ADHD and ODD 2.6 CI (2.42; 2.8), with a proportion of occurrence of the event of 17.8% in the patients analyzed and a masculinity ratio of five boys for every girl diagnosed with ADHD. Regarding ODD, an occurrence proportion of 3% and a masculinity ratio of 3 males for every female diagnosed with the event. For every 100 children with ADHD, 8 had ODD. But, out of every 100 children with ODD, 50% presented ADHD, Discriminate by age groups, from 5 to 12 years old and from 13 to 17 years old, the presence of ODD in ADHD. Conclusions: The results confirmed a significant risk association between ADHD and ODD, with males being more affected by ADHD and ODD than females. Half of the children with ADHD had ODD.