Journal of Positive School Psychology

Focus Of The Presentation: Some Models And Theories That Explain The Phenomenon Of Child Sexual Abuse

2025-02-04T13:13:15+00:00

The phenomenon of violence is one of the oldest human phenomena, evolving over time and taking different forms due to the diversity of cultures and societies. Sexual harassment is a common form of violence perpetrated against children in all these societies, regardless of factors such as descent, religion, language or others. Recently, the issue of sexual harassment of children has received considerable attention from many countries, international organisations, media and academic circles, highlighting the phenomenon of child sexual abuse due to its alarming prevalence and its integration into the daily lives of children and society.
The consequences of such abuse lead to painful and destructive social and psychological effects on the child, changing his or her life and having a profound impact on him or her. Sexual abuse of children is considered one of the most serious crimes recorded in societies and becomes a social, psychological and legal problem due to its negative impact on the child’s life in various psychological, behavioural, social and emotional aspects. In addition, the effects extend to society as a whole, often affecting later stages of an individual’s life.
As a result, many researchers have attempted to explain child sexual abuse, with varying interpretations due to differences in cultural, theoretical and epistemological backgrounds. This research paper aims to present and discuss some models and theories that explain the phenomenon of child sexual abuse, specifying their meanings, the implications of sexual abuse, its causes, forms and the resulting effects.

The Relationship Of Psychological Hardness To Occupational Stability

2025-02-16T09:15:52+00:00

This study investigates the relationship between psychological hardiness and job stability among middle school teachers in Bou Saada/M'sila, Algeria, during the 2023-2024 academic year. A sample of 100 male and female teachers was selected using a simple random sampling method. Data collection involved the use of Kobasa's Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire and a job stability questionnaire based on previous studies by Heisz et al. (2012) and Mackenna et al. (2012). Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were employed, alongside inferential statistics such as t-tests and regression analysis. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between psychological hardiness and job stability, with gender also playing a role in both psychological hardiness and job stability. Furthermore, the key components of psychological hardiness—commitment, control, and challenge—proved to be strong predictors of job stability. These findings highlight the intertwined nature of psychological hardiness and occupational stability, with implications for improving both personal and professional well-being.

The Relationship Of Psychological Hardness To Occupational Stability

2025-02-16T10:27:18+00:00

Educational Wastage And Self-Esteem Among Institutional And Vocational Trainees

2025-02-20T05:17:38+00:00

This study aimed to identify the factors of educational wastage and its relationship to self-esteem among the trainees in the institutional and vocational training centers. The said study was conducted on a sample of 66 vocational trainees, chosen intentionally. The descriptive approach was used for it to be the most appropriate to study the relationship between two variables. Two scales were adopted, namely, the educational wastage factors scale (Yasmina TICHABET, 2018) and the self-esteem scale (Coopersmith, 1967). The results revealed a correlation between educational wastage factors and self-esteem, and a high level of self-esteem among the vocational trainees.

Professional Silence In Light Of Certain Variables Among Secondary School Teachers -Field Study In Some Educational Institutions In Sebdou, Tlemcen Province

2025-02-24T12:38:53+00:00

The current study seeks to reveal the level of professional silence in the light of some variables (gender, educational level, and years of seniority at work). To achieve the objectives of the study and answer its hypotheses, the descriptive method was relied upon and an intentional sample from the category of secondary education teachers was selected, consisting of (115) teachers according to their variables in some educational institutions in The City of Sebdou, Tlemcen State. The professional silence scale prepared by (Arbah Said Khalil, 2019) was applied on them. After the data were collected and statistical treatments were conducted through the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26, the study therefore reached the following results:
- An average level of professional silence among the participants.
- There are statistically significant differences in the level of professional silence among the participants attributable to the gender variable.
- There are statistically significant differences in the level of professional silence among the participants attributable to the educational level variable.
- There are statistically significant differences in the level of professional silence among the participants attributable to the years of seniority at work.

The Cognitive Profiles Of Students With Low Academic Achievement In Mathematics- Cases From Primary School In Algeria

2025-02-27T11:27:06+00:00

The results of low academic achievement in mathematics are related to many factors, including the cognitive aspect of the students, so the current study aims to investigate the cognitive profile of students with low academic achievement in mathematics, and to reach the purpose of the study, three areas of cognitive processes associated with low achievement in mathematics were researched: working memory(WM), processing speed(PS) and Perceptual Reasoning (PR), using the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children IV. By following the descriptive approach, the subtests of this test were applied, namely: The number memory test, the letter-number sequence test, the arithmetic test for the working memory index, as for the subtests of deletion, coding and symbol search for the processing speed index, and the tests for the Perceptual Reasoning index represented by its tests in cubes, matrices and image repetition on a sample of students selected by random method from primary schools from the western side of Algiers, which amounted to (36) male and female students, where the results of the study resulted in the following:
students are characterized by a very weak level of working memory, processing speed and cognitive demonstration, as the poor performance of these indicators was associated with the low level of academic achievement in the sample of students under study, and thus the results showed three weak cognitive features characterized by low-achieving students in mathematics.

Creative Self Efficacy Beliefs And Ambition: A Correlation Study On A Sample Of Algerian University Students

2025-02-27T11:35:02+00:00

University students’ perceptions of their creative abilities are one of the few key features that predict creativity and play a pivotal role in explaining their actual creative performance.
This study aimed to assess the perception of the university students to their level of creative self efficacy.It also aimed to examine the relationship between university students’ creative self-efficacy (CSE) beliefs and their ambition. Moreover, the current study aimed to investigate the mean differences in CSE as function of gender, discipline , and study level.
A total of 100 university students were randomly selected to participate in this study.
The findings of the descriptive analysis suggest that university students in this study held a high level of creative self efficacy. Moreover, the findings revealed a positive and significant correlation between creative self-efficacy (CSE) beliefs and their ambition. No statistically significant mean differences were noted among university students in Khemis Miliana as function of gender, discipline , and study level.

The Support For Difficulties In Learning To Read And Write In Arabic Among Primary School Students Through Addressing Deficiencies In The Cognitive Psychological Processes Responsible For Them

2025-05-01T14:28:51+00:00

From a viewpoint that combines educational practice with clinical psychological intervention, this study intends to offer a professional experience in therapeutic-educational intervention for reading and writing learning challenges in Arabic among elementary school students. A field experiment was done using a therapeutic approach based on correcting the cognitive processes linked to visual and auditory perception of letters and words across three different age groups—second, fourth, and fifth grades—given the central relevance of language acquisition in the evolution of academic knowledge and skills.
The therapeutic intervention was based on an integrative model that uses three specialized teaching strategies: (1) training deficient cognitive processes, (2) using the student's preferred cognitive process in learning, and (3) a balanced therapeutic intervention that strengthens strengths and addresses weaknesses in cognitive processes. With the involvement of both teachers and parents in supporting the therapeutic process, a series of exercises and practical activities carried out both inside and outside the classroom formed a corrective toolkit.
The findings confirmed the efficacy of this therapeutic approach and its possible generalization as an early intervention tool to assist students with learning challenges by showing a notable rise in reading and writing levels among the targeted students within a short time. The study advises more experimental research to confirm the efficacy of these strategies in several educational settings as well as broadening their use.

The Effectiveness Of A Counseling Program Based On Role-Playing Strategy In Reducing School Violence Among Middle School Students

2025-05-01T14:30:09+00:00

This study seeks to evaluate a counseling program's efficacy based on a role-playing approach to lower violent behavior in schools among students. With a sample of 20 students drawn from those who scored highest on the school violence scale, the researcher used a quasi-experimental method. The sample was split into two groups: a control group of ten students and an experimental group of ten students.
The study used a counseling program based on the role-playing method, which had 15 sessions, each 45 minutes long, and a school violence scale. Appropriate statistical techniques were employed to evaluate the hypotheses of the study. The results showed the following:
 In the post-test assessment of school violence, the experimental group scored significantly different from the control group, preferring the experimental group.
 The experimental group mean scores in the post-test and follow-up measures on the school violence scale showed no statistically significant change at α = 0.05.
The study recommended using the counseling program based on role-playing strategies to help reduce school violence levels.

The Support For Difficulties In Learning To Read And Write In Arabic Among Primary School Students Through Addressing Deficiencies In The Cognitive Psychological Processes Responsible For Them

2025-05-01T16:47:10+00:00

The Support For Difficulties In Learning To Read And Write In Arabic Among Primary School Students Through Addressing Deficiencies In The Cognitive Psychological Processes Responsible For Them

2025-05-02T05:40:35+00:00

The Effectiveness Of A Counseling Program Based On Role-Playing Strategy In Reducing School Violence Among Middle School Students

2025-05-02T05:41:58+00:00

Causes and factors leading to the use of psychoactive substances by women university students in Algeria

2025-05-06T08:33:20+00:00

This study aims at finding out the factors and causes that push the university female students to consume drugs. In so doing, we reviewed the literature and referred to some scientific and field facts. This topic has a high academic importance, mainly in the empirical research. For data collection, we designed a questionnaire of 34 items and administered it to 112 female students at the University of Oran 02, using the snowball method. Findings show that there is no single cause for the female university student to consume drugs. In this context, the personal factors rank first, followed by the familial and the socio-cultural causes. In the end, the study provides recommendations to limit this phenomenon.

A Comparison Of Female And Male Youth Across Skill Level In Their Stress Appraisal, Perceived Controllability, And Coping Function In Sports

2025-05-07T14:57:00+00:00

More than half of adolescents in the United States participate in organized sports, yet increasing rates of athlete dropout are associated with poor coping skills related to social pressures and perceptions of competence. This study examines coping processes of youth athletes to support the development of evidence-based interventions to improve athlete coping. In this study, 310 youth volleyball athletes were surveyed immediately following a High Performance tryout. The athletes were compared across gender and skill level regarding their self-reported coping experiences, stress appraisal, perceived controllability, perceived coping effectiveness, and performance self-rating. Greater perceived controllability was associated with more problem-focused coping, more emotion-focused coping, and less avoidance-focused coping. Males were more likely to use avoidance-focused coping compared to females. The relationships between how athletes coped and perceived coping effectiveness were not moderated by their perception of control, but greater perceived controllability, problem-focused coping, and emotion-focused coping predicted greater perceived coping effectiveness. Greater perceived controllability also predicted higher performance self-rating. These results suggest differences in coping according to gender and skill level and have important implications for future research and leveraging positive psychology in the development and implementation of mental skills training programs for youth athletes.

Tracking GER Progress In Higher Education: A Five-Year Perspective For Inclusive Planning

2025-06-22T18:02:21+00:00

This paper analyzes trends in Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education in India from 2018-19 to 2022-23, focusing on both general and Scheduled Caste (SC) categories. Using secondary data sourced from the AISHE (All India Survey on Higher Education) reports, the study highlights gender disparities, progress trends, and implications for educational planning. The findings provide insights to aid policymakers in targeting interventions to bridge gaps and improve equitable access to higher education.

Techniques And Methods For Developing Creative Thinking Skills In Pre-School Children Through The Results Of Some Studies

2025-07-21T15:34:26+00:00

This research paper aims to present techniques and methods for developing creative thinking skills among pre-school children through some studies, as it is considered one of the topics that has received wide interest from researchers in the fields of educational psychology, because of its significant impact on developing children’s mental skills. Preschool in particular; The researchers relied on the analytical approach, as they studied and analyzed the literary heritage of what creative thinking is in terms of concept and characteristics, then to its importance, and techniques and methods of developing it among pre-school children, while citing the results of some local studies, including Arab and foreign, that dealt with the subject.