Evaluation of relationship between dental caries, diabetes mellitus and oral microbiota in diabetics

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Mahesh Shenoy, Nishath Sayed Abdul, Pushpraj Singh, GC Shivakumar, S Sahana

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by improper lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. Hyperglycaemia causes a decrease in salivary flow rate, which is common during periods of poor diabetes metabolic control, allowing aciduric bacteria to thrive and caries to form. The aim of the research was to see how diabetes mellitus affected the microorganisms that cause caries in the mouth. Methods: This research involved 60 people divided into two groups. The study group (Group A) included 30 people with diabetes and dental caries, while the control group (Group B) included 30 people with dental caries but no systemic disease. All subjects had their DFS index analysed. The levels of Streptococcus mutans were measured in unstimulated salivary flow. Results: In comparison to Group B, the fasting blood sugar of Group A individuals was shown to be higher, resulting in a higher streptococcus mutans count and thus a higher caries index. Conclusion: It was concluded from the research that as diabetics' age, blood sugar levels, and DMFT values rise, dental caries rises faster than in normal (control) participants, indicating that a link exists between diabetes, oral microbiota, and dental caries.

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